Topic 7 Ticks & Mites

Ticks are small arachnids in the order Parasitiformes. Along with mites, they constitute the subclass Acarina.



Ticks have a complex life cycle that includes eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adult male and female ticks. The larvae, nymphs, and adults all need blood meals. Usually, the female adult (hard tick) is the one causing the most bites as males usually die after mating.

Ticks are small arachnids. Ticks require blood meals to complete their complex life cycles. Ticks are scientifically classified as Arachnida (a classification that includes spiders).


DISEASE THAT CARRY BY TICKS! ALERT!

• Babesiosis is caused by microscopic parasites that infect red blood cells. Babesia microti is transmitted by the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis). 
• Borrelia miyamotoi infection has recently been described as a cause of illness in the U.S. It is transmitted by the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) and has a range similar to that of Lyme disease.
• Rickettsia parkeri rickettsiosis is transmitted to humans by the Gulf Coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum).
• Tularemia is transmitted to humans by the dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis), the wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni), and the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum).

CONTROL METHOD
- Tucking trouser leg into sock tops.
- Using tick repellent prior potential exposure.
- Keep laws and yards cut.
- Control domestic animals (host).



What is mites? ?
Mites are small arthropods belonging to the subclass Acari (also known as Acarina) and the class Arachnida.

(LIFE CYCLE OF MITES)

HOW TO PREVENT!!

1. Personal hygiene. 
2. Keeping grasses cut short and removing vegetable near building. 
3. Repellent. 
4. Pesticides for outdoor residual treatment. 

(EXTRA INFO)

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Topic 6 Fleas & Lice

Fleas are the insects forming the order Siphonaptera. They are wingless, with mouthparts adapted for piercing skin and sucking blood. Fleas are external parasites, living by hematophagy off the blood of mammals and birds.

* Cats and dogs are the main host, human may also be affected by fleas bite. 
* Each bite produce a small, hard, red spot with a noticeable puncture wound. 
* Female flea only mate once but she can lay 25 eggs a day and produce several hundred eggs during    her life. 

YOU SHOULD KNOW :
- They can live for as few as 13 days or as long as 12 months.
- During that time, can produce millions of offspring.
- Though there are many species of fleas, the one that most often affects both dogs and cats in North     America is the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis.

  



   (LIFE CYCLE)


DISEASE THAT CARRY BY FLEAS:-
1. Parasitic dermatitis is an allergic reaction that is caused by a pet's hypersensitivity to substances in     flea saliva.
2. Bartonella strains are bacterial parasites that are transmitted through flea or tick bites. Bartonella         can infect humans, dogs, cats and rodents.
3. The most notable flea is xynopsylla which carry Yersinia pestis.

What is Lice? ?

• The head louse (plural, lice) is scientifically known as Pediculus humanus capitis, Infestation with head lice is medically known as Pediculosis capitis.
• Head lice have no wings, so they cannot fly. They have six legs with claws at the ends that is how they attach themselves to hair.
• Head lice infestations can happen to anyone, but they are a particular concern for school-age children. Children who live in crowded conditions may have more of a problem with head lice.  
• It is important to emphasize that poor hygiene, skipped baths or showers. 
• The only way head lice spread from one person to another is by direct head-to-head contact or by the sharing of hats, caps, hair ties, scarves, or any personal item such as combs. 

SEVERAL WAYS TO CONTROL LICE. . .

# Personal hygine.
# Avoid head-to-head (hair-to-hair) contact during play and other activities at home, school, camp.
# Do not share clothing such as hats, scarves, coats, sports uniforms.
# Do not lie on beds, couches, pillows, carpets, or stuffed animals that have recently been in contact      with an infested person.
# Vacuum the floor and furniture, particularly where the infested person sat or lay.

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5.1 Lab report & Presentation

This time En. Azam arahkan kami untuk mencari jentik-jentik di seluruh kawasan Unisel Shah Alam. Setiap kumpulan mempunyai 2 orang. Saya Pilih Jieha bestfriend saya untuk jayakan expedisi mencari jentik- jentik ini.

Setelah Pusing satu Unisel tapi still tak jumpa jugak. Hampir nak fed up! tiba-tiba ternampak satu tong yang ada separuh air, setelah pasang flash light, jumpa dalam 15 ekor.

(Jentik-jentik yang dijumpai di dalam tong bilik Anatomy di Unisel)

Aktiviti seterusnya kami di minta oleh En. Azam untuk memberitahu jenis jentik-jentik tersebut dengan menggunakkan microscope. HASILNYA:

PRESENTATION MOSQUITO BY MY GROUP :)

Group kami terdiri dari 5 orang

1.  Diana
2. Thartchana
3. Jieha
4. Loges
5. Hakim

New things yang saya belajar dari video presentation ini

• nyamuk menyusun telurnya dengan rapi
• takungan air di atap rumah (lorong laluan air)
• nyamuk betina yang menyebabkan dengue

Enjoy The Show 

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Topic 5 Mosquito

All mosquito need water to breed. Mosquito are family of small, midge like flies. the word mosquito formed by mosca and diminutive.

* kenapa selepas nyamuk gigit baru kita rasa sakit dan gatal??
= sebab air liur nyamuk seumpama anesthetic buis yang digunakan oleh doktor untuk mencegah pembekuan darah.

4 type of mosquito
- Anopheles
- Culex
- Aedes
- Mansonia





SOMETHING YOU SHOULD KNOW!

Male mosquito

• Live for a few day
• Feed on plant

Female mosquito

• Live for a few weeks
• Feed on blood as source of protein for development of eggs

DIFFERENT BETWEEN MALE & FEMALE MOSQUITO

COMMON MOSQUITO IN MALAYSIA

- Vector Dengue

• aegypti. 
• albopictus

- Vector Malaria

Anopheles

• lecosphyrus
• balabacencis
• maculatus
• donaldi
• sundaicus

DISEASE THAT CARRY FROM MOSQUITO

1. Aedes aegypti

- denggi berdarah

- yellow fever

- chikungunya

2. Albopictus

- demam denggi

3. Anopheles

- malaria

4. Genus mansonia

- filariasis

5. Genus culex

- west nile fever

- japanese encefalitis

- st. louis encephalitis

Methods used to prevent the spread of disease, or to protect individuals in areas where disease is endemic, include:

- Vector control aimed at mosquito control or eradication
- Disease prevention, using prophylactic drugs and developing vaccines
- Prevention of mosquito bites, with insecticides, nets, and repellents



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